四、結(jié)論

表面活性劑的水生毒性因環(huán)境而異 水硬度和/或吸附劑的存在，但 gtox 值（LC50 或 EC50 下的表面張力）對(duì)于每個(gè) 表面活性劑。 因此，表面張力可以作為 影響水生毒性因素影響的指標(biāo) 表面活性劑。 表面活性劑的實(shí)驗(yàn)室毒性試驗(yàn)趨于 顯示出比自然水環(huán)境更高的風(fēng)險(xiǎn) 因?yàn)閷?shí)驗(yàn)室測試通常不考慮表面活性劑對(duì)懸浮土壤或沉積物材料的吸附。 如果我們通過以下方式檢查自然環(huán)境中的水狀況 以表面張力測試為指標(biāo)，我們將能夠 將表面活性劑毒性的實(shí)驗(yàn)室測試數(shù)據(jù)與 表面活性劑的自然環(huán)境風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。

參考

1. Abel, P.D. Toxicity of synthetic detergents to fish and aquatic invertebrates. J. Fish. Biol. 6, 279-298 (1974).

2. Tomiyama, S. Effects of surfactants on fish. Bull. Jpn. Soc. Sci. Fisheries. 40 (12), 1291-1296 (1974).

3. Tomiyama, S. On the possible mechanism of the effect on fishes and shellfishes by household detergents. Yukagaku. 27 (6), 347-353 (1978).

4. Jackson, W.F.; Fromm, P.O. Effect of a detergent on flux of tritiated water into isolated perfused gills of rainbow trouts. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 58C, 167 (1977).

5. Bock, K.J. über die Wirkung von Waschrohstoffen auf Fische. Arch. Fisch. Wiss. 17, 68-77 (1966).

6. Gloxhuber, C.H.; Fishcher, W.K. Wirkungen von Alkylpolyglykol?thern auf Fische, Fd Cosmet. Toxicol, 6, 469-477 (1968).

7. Calamari, D.; Marchetti, R. The toxicity of mixtures of metals and surfactants to rainbow trout. Water Research. 7, 1453-1464 (1973).

8. Kurata, N.; Koshida, K.; Fujii, T. Biodegradation of surfactants in river water and their toxicity to fish. Yukagaku. 26 (2), 115-118 (1977).

9. Matuura, R.; Kimizuka, H.; Yatsunami, K. The study of the adsorption of detergents at a solution-air interface by radiotracer method 3. The effect of inorganic electrolytes on the adsorption of sodium dodecyl sulfate. Bulletin Chemical Soc. Jpn. 32 (6), 646-650 (1959).

10. Wakabayashi, M.; Kikuchi, M.; Inoue, W.; Kawahara, H.; Koido, Y. Senzai no suiseiseibutsu ni taisuru dokusei (1). The Aquiculture (Suisan-Zoshoku). 23 (3), 119- 124 (1976).

11. Tovell, P.W.A.; Newsome, C.; Howes, D. Effect of water hardness on the toxicity of an anionic detergent to fish. Water Res. 8, 291-296 (1974).

12. Tovell, P.W.A.; Newsome, C.; Howes, D. Effect of water hardness on the toxicity of a nonionic detergent to fish. Water Res. 9, 31-36 (1975).

13. Feijtel, T.C.J.; van de Plassche, E.J. Environmental risk characterization of 4 major surfactants used in the Netherland, 67-68 (1995).

14. Kikuchi, M. Biodegradation and aquatic toxicity of surfactants. J. Jpn. Soc. Water Environment. 16 (5), 302- 307 (1993).

表面張力儀在水環(huán)境檢測方面的應(yīng)用——摘要、介紹

表面張力儀在水環(huán)境檢測方面的應(yīng)用——實(shí)驗(yàn)

表面張力儀在水環(huán)境檢測方面的應(yīng)用——結(jié)果和討論

表面張力儀在水環(huán)境檢測方面的應(yīng)用——結(jié)論、參考！